La notion de matière pénale. Analyse interdisciplinaire d'un objet de droit et de science du droit

About notion of "criminal" matter, the project spreads in two complementary ways. The term "criminal" indicates, in the text of the (European) Convention of human rights, a key of the opposability to the countries of some of the most symbolic rights among those guaranteed by this international treaty. However, they don’t find any definition there. European Court of human rights, by its interpretation of the text, has to define sense. This work become in 1976. European Court creates a new notion which disrupts theestablished categories, remodels a criminal law put in the service of the fundamental liberties, taking part in the construction of a legal and political space in Europe. The tensions connected to this unfinished work, in particular diplomatic and cultural ones, and the (supra-national) source of this movement, explain that this long-term work is difficult to systematize. The first direction followed by this project is a study of the notion of "criminal" (charge) itself. The interdisciplinary approach will allow to define understanding and evaluation. The second direction, the epistemological one, is about treatment by scientific community of jurists on these legal precedents. The most developped efforts of conceptualization had mobilized logic but in a strange way because it’s far away from its exigences.